At the centre of the appeal is semaglutide, marketed globally under brand names such as Ozempic and Wegovy. The medicine belongs to a newer class of anti-diabetic treatment known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, which the WHO last week recommended for inclusion in its global Model List of Essential Medicines.
Health experts argue that these drugs could transform the management of type 2 diabetes, particularly for patients with additional complications. The WHO noted that semaglutide not only improves blood sugar control but also reduces the risk of heart and kidney problems, supports weight loss, and lowers the likelihood of premature death.
“We appeal to the government to urgently make GLP-1 receptor agonists, particularly in pre-filled syringe formulations, available to diabetes patients who need them most,” said Deeksha Dev of the Alignia Wellness Foundation.
Affordability, however, remains a critical barrier. Currently under patent protection, semaglutide costs patients between $100 and $300 (₹8,000–₹25,000) per injection pen, enough for roughly a month’s treatment. Public health advocates say the high price has put the drug out of reach for most Indians, despite the country’s staggering diabetes burden—more than 100 million patients, with nearly 25 million more at the pre-diabetic stage, according to the Indian Council of Medical Research.
Lawyer and public health campaigner Leena Menghaney explained that once patents lapse in March 2026, multiple Indian pharmaceutical firms are expected to begin manufacturing generic versions. “Analyses show semaglutide could be produced for less than $6 a month with generic competition. We expect the price to fall substantially because of the competition among Indian companies,” she told Deccan Herald.
The WHO has pledged to work with governments on fair pricing strategies and to promote access in underserved communities. “High prices of medicines like semaglutide and tirzepatide are limiting access. Encouraging generic competition and making these treatments available in primary care are key to improving health outcomes,” the UN agency said while releasing its updated essential medicine list.
India, which is often referred to as the diabetes capital of the world, faces a dual challenge. A recent Lancet study showed that more than 55% of the country’s diabetic population remains undiagnosed, underscoring the urgent need not only for affordable treatment but also for broader awareness and testing.
Inclusion of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the NLEM could open the door for government procurement, subsidised distribution, and coverage under insurance and reimbursement schemes. Campaigners argue that such measures would significantly expand access once lower-cost generics become available.
What Are GLP-1 Receptor Agonists?
GLP-1 receptor agonists are non-insulin drugs that mimic a hormone released from the intestine, helping the body release more insulin at mealtimes. They slow digestion, reduce appetite, and improve blood sugar control, making them effective for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Clinical evidence also points to cardiovascular and kidney benefits, making them particularly valuable for patients with multiple health risks.