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Dr. Thomas Sollecito, the chief of oral medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, emphasizes that many may not realize the connection.
The hormonal fluctuations, particularly the significant decrease in estrogen, can lead to reduced bone density and saliva production, adversely affecting gum health and, consequently, dental health.
Oral health professionals suggest several strategies to mitigate these changes and maintain oral health during menopause.
Dental Manifestations of Menopause and Perimenopause
Menopause is defined as the absence of menstrual periods for 12 consecutive months. However, dental issues related to hormonal changes can begin during perimenopause, a phase characterized by a gradual decline in estrogen production, according to Dr. Maiara Hister-Cockrell, a dentist at the University of Texas Health San Antonio.
A primary concern during this time is the reduction in saliva, which Sollecito describes as “one of the most vital fluids in our body.”
Decreased saliva flow can lead to dry mouth, increasing the likelihood of mouth soreness, oral yeast infections, and cavities. This risk is further amplified for individuals taking medications for high blood pressure or diabetes, which can also contribute to dry mouth, as noted by Hister-Cockrell.
Additionally, reduced saliva means fewer bacteria-fighting enzymes and minerals that strengthen teeth, according to Dr. Sally Cram, a periodontist based in Washington, D.C.
When experiencing dry mouth, it is important to note that bacteria can multiply, increasing the risk of tooth decay, as stated by a dental expert. If decay progresses, it may lead to tooth loss.
Additionally, diminishing bone density and receding gums can worsen these issues. According to Sollecito, a less dense socket that supports the tooth is more susceptible to bone loss. Furthermore, gum recession can expose tooth surfaces that lack the protective enamel, making them more vulnerable to cavities.
Women in this stage of life are also at a heightened risk for periodontal disease, which occurs when plaque and bacteria accumulate beneath the gums and around the teeth.
“Gum tissue may become red and swollen,” explained Cram, a representative of the American Dental Association. “It can bleed and begin to separate from the teeth, resulting in deeper pockets that are more challenging to clean.”
Some individuals may suffer from “burning mouth syndrome,” where a burning sensation can affect the tongue, palate, and lips, as noted by Hister-Cockrell.
“As you can imagine,” Sollecito remarked, “this situation can quickly escalate.”
What steps can you take?
Experts recommend prioritizing good oral hygiene and nutrition as the first line of defense. Maintain a balanced diet that is low in sugar and rich in calcium. Brush thoroughly with fluoride toothpaste at least twice daily and floss regularly.
“Using an electric toothbrush can be more effective than manual brushing,” Cram advised. “Regular dental visits are essential; ask your dentist if your oral care routine is adequate and what improvements can be made.”
Patients should also inquire whether they need to schedule more than two dental appointments each year and consider in-office fluoride treatments to enhance tooth enamel, as well as prescription toothpaste with high fluoride content.
Experts emphasize that managing dry mouth should be a top priority at home, so it is essential to maintain proper hydration.
Cram noted, "Most of us likely do not consume enough water throughout the day."
In addition to drinking water, individuals can utilize over-the-counter products such as dry mouth sprays, lozenges, or rinses. For more severe cases, Sollecito recommends consulting a dentist about prescription medications that can enhance saliva production, although these may have side effects. There are also specific prescription treatments available for burning mouth syndrome.
Cram concluded, "The key takeaway is that many oral health issues associated with menopause can be effectively prevented by being attentive, maintaining good dental hygiene at home, and visiting the dentist regularly." AP