Crystal Palace must be weary of the former Manchester City striker, who had previously netted a hat-trick against them in the League Cup quarter-finals at the Emirates on Wednesday.
On Saturday, Jesus scored twice in the first half and came close to a third, hitting the post, but Kai Havertz was quick to capitalize on the rebound.
Palace's Ismaila Sarr, who had equalized at 1-1, squandered two promising chances early in the second half.
Arsenal, however, added two more goals, moving ahead of Nottingham Forest, who had briefly overtaken them earlier in the day.
Mikel Arteta, marking five years at the helm of Arsenal, will be worried about Bukayo Saka, who had to leave the pitch due to injury midway through the first half.
Jesus opened the scoring in the sixth minute, finishing with confidence after excellent play from Saka on the right flank, marking his first Premier League goal since January.
Just five minutes later, Palace equalized when Sarr received a pass from Tyrick Mitchell, skillfully bending the ball past the diving David Raya.
Arsenal regained the lead from a corner, with Jesus expertly guiding the ball in off the post when it came to him.
With growing confidence, he struck the post again in the 38th minute, allowing Havertz to tap in the rebound.
Sarr had a chance to score with a diving header early in the second half, but Raya made a low save.
Raya was called into action again shortly after, denying Jean-Philippe Mateta’s powerful shot from distance and catching Sarr’s header on the follow-up.
Despite their efforts, Palace could not close the gap, and Arsenal extended their lead, with Jesus missing another opportunity for his hat-trick.
Palace goalkeeper Dean Henderson thwarted the Brazil international, but substitute Declan Rice connected well with the ball, allowing Gabriel Martinelli to finish from close range. Rice added his own goal in the 84th minute, skillfully curling a shot from the edge of the box into the far corner.
Arteta, celebrating his five-year anniversary at the Emirates, expressed on Friday that the "best was yet to come," emphasizing his ambition for "big trophies." The Gunners, who last claimed the Premier League title in 2004, now trail leaders Liverpool by just three points, although Arne Slot’s team has played two matches fewer.