The company reported $9.84 billion (£7.37 billion) in profit for the April-to-June period, more than double the $4.26 billion recorded during the same quarter last year.
The strong performance comes as global energy markets continue to grapple with supply disruptions linked to the conflict involving the United States, Israel and Iran. The tensions have significantly affected the movement of crude oil and LNG through the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world's most important energy shipping routes.
Commenting on the results, Shell Chief Executive Wael Sawan said the company benefited from resilient operations despite heightened market uncertainty.
"Operational performance enabled very strong results during another quarter of severe disruption in global energy markets," Sawan said.
The latest earnings build on Shell's strong start to the year. Combined with its $6.92 billion profit in the first quarter, the company has recorded a 70% increase in first-half earnings, reflecting the sustained strength of energy prices and trading activities.
Shell is not alone in benefiting from the market volatility. Other major energy companies, including BP and Norway's Equinor, have also reported strong financial performances this year as fluctuations in oil prices created favorable trading conditions.
Before the outbreak of the conflict, Brent crude, the international benchmark for oil prices, traded at around $73 per barrel. As concerns over supply disruptions intensified, prices surged to more than $120 per barrel before retreating to below $100 amid speculation over when shipping through the Strait of Hormuz could fully normalize.
The wide swings in crude prices have created opportunities for energy traders, as larger differences between buying and selling prices typically translate into stronger trading profits. At the same time, elevated oil prices have boosted the earnings of major producers, even as consumers and businesses continue to face higher energy costs.
Analysts say the direction of global oil prices in the coming months will largely depend on geopolitical developments in the Middle East, the pace of global economic growth and any changes to oil production by major exporting countries.