Scientists have discovered a genetic variant linked with multiple sclerosis becoming more debilitating over time, in research hailed as a first step towards a new drug.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong condition in which a
person’s body is attacked by its own immune system, causing a range of symptoms
including problems with vision, movement and balance.
For some people, the symptoms can come and go in phases
called relapses, while in others they become progressively worse.
There are treatments that can help control the symptoms, but
there is no cure or way to slow down the disease from getting worse.
In a study published in the journal Nature Wednesday,
researchers from more than 70 institutes around the world said they had found
the first-ever genetic variant linked to MS severity.
First, the researchers combined the genetic data of 12,000
people with MS to study what variants they shared and how quickly their disease
advanced.
Out of seven million variants, they found a single one
associated with the disease progressing faster.
The variant sits between two genes called DYSF and ZNF638,
which had never before been linked to MS, according to the study.
The first gene works to repair damaged cells, while the
other helps control viral infections.
The genes are much more active in the brain and spinal cord
than the immune system, where drug research has previously focused, the study
said.
To confirm what they found, the researchers then looked at
the genetics of nearly 10,000 more patients, finding similar results.
“Inheriting this genetic variant from both parents
accelerates the time to needing a walking aid by almost four years,” US
researcher and study co-author Sergio Baranzini said in a statement.
Ruth Dobson, a neurologist at the Queen Mary University of
London who was not involved in the research, told AFP there was “a lot of
excitement about this study” in MS circles.
“It’s the first step towards treatments that work in a
different way,” she said, emphasising that any such drug was a long way from
being available.
That the research points to the nervous system, rather than
the immune system, “opens up a new potential pathway for treatments, which is
really exciting”, she added.
More than 2.8 million people worldwide live with multiple
sclerosis.
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