Medical experts say many perfume oils sold without proper labelling, ingredient disclosure, or regulatory approval may contain harmful chemicals that can be absorbed through the skin over time. This exposure, they warn, increases the risk of systemic toxicity, hormonal disruption, and long-term health complications.
The warning comes amid rising social pressure, amplified by social media campaigns urging Nigerians to “smell nice” and curb body odour in public gatherings. As a result, many consumers have turned to cheaper, locally made perfume oils sold at open markets, bus stops, and roadside stalls—often without any form of quality control.
PUNCH Healthwise had previously reported concerns by medical professionals that excessive use of perfumes, deodorants, and body sprays containing harmful substances could increase cancer risks.
Toxic Chemicals and Hormonal Disruption
Speaking to PUNCH Healthwise, the President of the Nigerian Association of Dermatologists (DAN), Prof. Dasetima Altraide, said regular exposure to unknown substances in unbranded perfume oils could lead to the gradual accumulation of toxins in the body.
According to him, many of these products may contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as phthalates, which interfere with the body’s hormonal systems.
“Some solvents used in unbranded perfume oils, including benzene derivatives, are suspected liver and kidney toxins if absorbed through the skin daily over several years,” Altraide said.
He explained that unregulated products often bypass safety testing and proper ingredient disclosure, allowing manufacturers to use low-cost industrial chemicals or undisclosed fragrance blends that may be harmful.
“These risks generally fall into three categories: immediate irritation, systemic toxicity, and long-term organ damage,” he noted.
Respiratory, Neurological, and Skin Effects
Altraide said unrefined synthetic compounds commonly found in such oils can trigger acute reactions, including respiratory distress.
“Inhaling fumes from unbranded perfume oils can irritate the lungs, leading to coughing, wheezing, or fragrance-induced asthma,” he explained.
He added that synthetic musks and solvents used in oil-based fragrances are known triggers for migraines, dizziness, and nausea, particularly in sensitive individuals.
One of the most concerning components, he said, is the high concentration of phthalates, often used as fixatives to make cheap scents last longer.
“Phthalates can mimic or block natural hormones. They have been linked to reduced sperm count in men and developmental problems in children,” he said, adding that some chemicals may also interfere with thyroid hormone production, affecting metabolism and weight regulation.
Permanent Skin Damage and Pigmentation
Beyond internal health risks, dermatologists warned of lasting skin damage associated with prolonged use of unbranded perfume oils.
“Repeated exposure to unknown chemicals can break down the skin’s natural defence system, leading to chronic conditions that are difficult to reverse,” Altraide said.
He noted that many unregulated fragrance oils contain sensitisers that react with sunlight, causing pigmentation disorders.
“Repeated minor chemical burns can overstimulate pigment cells, leading to dark, uneven patches on areas like the neck and wrists,” he explained.
He also cited bergapten, a chemical found in some unrefined oils, which can cause permanent brown, streak-like stains on the skin after sun exposure.
Concerns Over Carcinogenic Substances
Corroborating these warnings, Prof. Madubuko Roli, a Professor of Medicine and Dermatology and Consultant at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, said locally made perfume oils and deodorants may contain harmful and potentially carcinogenic substances.
“The impact on the skin can be significant. Some of these products contain deleterious compounds similar to those found in harmful soaps and creams,” she said.
According to Roli, substances such as hydroquinone and other toxic chemicals may be present in some perfumes and deodorants, leading to irritation, allergic reactions, and inflammation.
“Some products can also encourage the growth of fungal organisms already present on the skin, worsening infections,” she added. “Others may contain carcinogenic substances that predispose skin cells to abnormal changes over time.”
Call for Stronger Regulation
Roli called on government agencies to strengthen regulatory enforcement to protect public health, warning that the current lack of oversight poses serious risks.
“Anyone can mix substances at home, package them, and sell them without regulation. This lack of scrutiny is dangerous,” she said.
She stressed the need for tighter market surveillance and enforcement to prevent the sale of unsafe products and reduce health risks associated with unregulated cosmetic and fragrance items.
As the popularity of unbranded perfume oils continues to grow, health experts urge consumers to exercise caution and prioritise products that are properly regulated, tested, and approved for safety.